Comparatively Speaking: Crossmodal vs. Lineal Perception. As stated, the maximum force value is the peak load and is a measure of sample firmness. Use of topical antioxidants can overcome some of these effects and retard actinic ageing. The emulsion was cooled to room temperature to form a semisolid cream base. Triethanolamine was purchased from Making Cosmetics (Snoqualmie, WA). Spreadability values for the selected cream (C1) and gels (G1 and G5) compared to various marketed products (n=3, results shown as mean SD). Ageing can be classified as intrinsic ageing, which is a chronological and inevitable event, and actinic ageing, which is dependant on an individual's exposure to UV radiation. The pH meter was calibrated with standard buffer solutions (pH 4, 7, and 10) before each use. [7] The major constituents of this fruit are triterpenoids, flavanoids, glycosides, saccharides, carotenes, vitamins, sitosterin and uronic acid. Spreadability of the formulations was evaluated by measuring the spreading diameter of 300 mg of the sample after placing it for 1 min between two horizontal glass plates (glass plate size 7.5 2.5 cm). The female cone can be removed after the test by loosening the screws of the base holder. It is one of the most common skin diseases in tropical and subtropical areas and is characterized by fine scaly patches and macules [16]. PEG-16 Macadamia and PEG-10 Sunflower were obtained from FloraTech (Gilbert, Arizona). The screws of the base table can now be tightened. Keeping these points in mind, a cream was formulated that fulfills all these characteristics. Soybean oil, Cithrol GMS 40 (glyceryl stearate), Arlacel 165 (a mixture of glyceryl stearate and PEG-100 stearate), Tween 60, and Span 80 were received as free samples from Croda, Inc. (Edison, NJ). Copper is well known for its antimicrobial properties. Sterility (For Sterile cream) 3. 241249, 1993. an ideal oil-in-water cream base with good consistency, smooth and shining texture, good spreadability, non-greasy nature, easy washability and good stability. Cetyl alcohol, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol, and isopropyl myristate were obtained from Sherman Research Labs (Toledo, OH). The results of the stickiness of EBN creams were 0.88 0.49 on O/W cream and 1.03 0.13 on W/O cream. After 24 h, the stratum corneum was cut into three pieces of 1 cm 1 cm and stored in a desiccator, which was then placed in a refrigerator.[21]. 209215, 2012. B. Formulation and Evaluation of Antibacterial Creams and Gels - Hindawi The viscosity of cream was in the range of 499990 to 30000cp which indicates that the cream is easily spreadable by small amount of shear. S. J. S. Flora, Structural, chemical and biological aspects of antioxidants for strategies against metal and metalloid exposure, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, vol. The visible effects of ageing, such as dry, leathery skin with less elasticity, are a combination of dermal and epidermal changes taking place in the skin. The site is secure. Part I. Anil Kumar D, Ramu P. Effect of methanolic extract of Benin-casa hispida against histamine and acetylcholine induced bron-chospasm in guniea pigs. 71, no. Fisher AL, Hill R. Ethical and legal issues in antiageing medicine. Zinc sulfate has been studied in vivo in a number of diseases, including warts [25], herpes genitalis [26], pityriasis versicolor [18], and acne vulgaris [27] in varying concentrations. Zinc sulfate and copper sulfate had a strong synergistic antibacterial activity in the creams and gels. All ingredients used in the various formulations can be found in Tables 1 and 2. The mixture was stored at room temperature overnight for the complete dissolution of lecithin. Want to improve the formulations of your shampoos and conditioners? This receptacle holds the sample. From Figure 1, Sample B is significantly much firmer than Sample A and has a higher hardness work done (area under the positive curve). Cogn. G. Ren, D. Hu, E. W. C. Cheng, M. A. Vargas-Reus, P. Reip, and R. P. Allaker, Characterisation of copper oxide nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol. Active ingredients were incorporated into the gel uniformly. The authors would like to thank the various suppliers for providing samples of ingredients used in the study. Determination of the spreadability of the cream formulations with and without calendula extract during the stability (CRBLRT - blank cream room temperature; CRBLO - blank cream oven; CRBLR - blank cream . The explanation for this is that the amount of water used in these gels was not enough to dissolve the crystalline actives and keep the gelling agent dispersed. The sample size directly measured into the wells was g in this study. Moisturizing creams serve to keep the skin feeling smooth, soft, looking radiant and healthy by retaining moisture or water in the outer most skin layer. Zinc, alone or as an adjuvant, has been found to be advantageous in a number of dermatological infections and inflammatory diseases owing to its modulating actions on macrophage and neutrophil functions, natural killer cell/phagocytic activity, and various inflammatory cytokines. Precisely align the male and female cones by lowering the male cone and repositioning the female cone such that the male cone fits into the female cone. Saponification value = (b-a)*28.05/wWhere,w = weight of substance in gram. Throughout the stability test, the cream formulations did not exhibit significant differences in their pH (p > 0,05). PDF Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Cream All formulations maintained their blue color and intensity of color for 12 weeks in all storage conditions. 5. The probe then reverses direction and withdraws from the sample. These gels incorporated the active ingredients well. Previous studies [69] indicated that both active ingredients had antibacterial activity, which this study confirmed. Measured by a standard digital pH meter at room temperature. 2 (salicylic acid 2 g and cream base 98 g). Viscosity curves for the selected cream (C1) and gels (G1 and G5) (, Antimicrobial activity of copper sulfate and zinc sulfate solutions in various concentrations against, Antimicrobial activity of the selected gel formulations in various dilutions against, Antimicrobial activity of the selected cream (C1) containing copper sulfate and zinc sulfate in various concentrations against (a), Antimicrobial activity of the selected cream (C1), gels (G1 and G5), and three marketed products (Nexcare Cold Sore Treatment Cream, Campho-Phenique Cold Sore Treatment Gel, and Equate Diaper Rash Relief Cream) against. This demonstrates the various mechanical tests possible with one texture analyzer device and various fixtures. Please send me prices and information on: Practical training coursesRheology/viscosity testing servicesInterfacial/surface tension testingTribology testingPowder flowability testing, The Centre for Industrial Rheology The Long Barn Lippen Lane Warnford Hampshire SO32 3LE United Kingdom. A spreadability test was also performed on the cream cheese samples at 10 C following a previous method with some modification (Brighenti et al., 2008). Eighteen different gels were formulated in this study, from which G1 and G5 were selected as optimal formulations for further evaluation. A 5% w/w dispersion of dansyl chloride was prepared with white petrolatum in dark with subdued red light as the dye is light-sensitive. Viscosity of this cream was measured after regular intervals of time for 1 month. We provide a report with numerical and graphical results, explanatory notes and observations, We then provide ongoing support with any relevant questions or concerns that may arise throughout the process. One or two isolated colonies of the tested microorganisms were touched using a sterile cotton swab. The active ingredients in Campho-Phenique Cold Sore Treatment Gel are camphor and phenol as pain relievers or antiseptics, and, in Equate Diaper Rash Relief Cream, zinc oxide is a skin protectant. N. Padmavathy and R. Vijayaraghavan, Enhanced bioactivity of ZnO nanoparticlesan antimicrobial study, Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, vol. GARDskin Provides Animal-free Way to Guard Skin. When a trigger force of 10 g has been achieved, the probe proceeds to penetrate the sample at a test speed of 2 mm/s to a depth of 25 mm. Zinc sulfate and copper sulfate had a strong synergistic antibacterial activity in the creams and gels. Such tests provide a practical QC approach for validating product physical properties before shipment to end users. [6,814] Many applications of Benincasa fruit have been reported for various ailments such as dyspepsia, burning sensation, heart disease, vermifuge, diabetes, anti-inflammatory activity, diuretic activity and as an anticancer agent. After removing the outer layer and the seeds, the fruit pulp was dried. Formulating moisturizing creams therefore largely depends upon the required end product consistency influencing the choice of material to use. The Dansyl chloride fluorescence method given by Jansen et al. It plays an important . All blank formulations (i.e., formulations without any active ingredients or preservatives) and drug-loaded formulations were tested for physical appearance, color, texture, phase separation, and homogeneity. Fill the four lower cones (female cones) with the sample using a spatula. The turbidity of the suspension was adjusted to a 0.5 McFarland standard by adding more microorganism if the suspension was too light or diluting with sterile saline if the suspension was too heavy. 11, pp. All other chemicals and solvents used were of analytical grade. (2) Spreadability. 3, pp. RESULTS (PDF) DERMATOLOGIC GELS SPREADABILITY MEASURING METHODS - ResearchGate The pH of the skin normally ranges from 4 to 6. The maximum negative force on the graph indicates sample adhesive force; the more negative the value the more sticky the sample. Development and evaluation of anti-inflammatory oleogels of Bosewellia serrata (gugul) and Curcuma longa (turmeric). For each test, the male cone was positioned 3 mm above the sample surface. G6 had a too low viscosity, which was not deemed appropriate for a topical gel. The generally preferred formulations are creams and lotions. Only a few formulations, that is, the selected creams and gels, were able to remain stable after incorporating the active ingredients into them. Z. Zarrab, M. Zanardelli, A. Pietrzak et al., European Handbook of Dermatological Treatments: Tine Versicolor, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2015. 4, pp. The antibacterial activity of the formulations was compared for samples stored at room temperature (25C) and in the refrigerator (4C) as well as those packaged into glass containers versus plastic containers. Formulation and Evaluation of Antibacterial Creams and Gels Containing A 40 Perspex cone was used to penetrate the cream cheese samples by 12 mm at a test speed of 2 mm s 1. Antimicrobial activity of one of the selected gels (G5) during the stability testing compared to the control (gentamicin) against, Copyright 2016 Mei X. Chen et al.
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