Sociologists Roger Finke and Rodney Stark (1988) first considered the use of RCT to explain some aspects of religious behavior, with the assumption that there is a basic human need for religion in terms of providing belief in a supernatural being, a sense of meaning in life, and belief in life after death. Symbolic interactionist Social Stratification in the United States, Population, Urbanization, and the Environment, 2 - The History of Religion as a Sociological Concept, http://openstaxcollege.org/l/immanent_frame/, http://openstaxcollege.org/l/Grinnell_functionalism, http://openstaxcollege.org/l/women_clergy, http://openstaxcollege.org/l/Protestant_work_ethic, http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/religion/overview.php, http://personal.lse.ac.uk/KANAZAWA/pdfs/ARS1997.pdf. addresses all aspects of a groups behavior, may or may not be of value in meeting social needs, Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms, Emphasis on religion as providing social support, Belief that religion helps explain the mysteries of life. Consider a religion that you are familiar with, and discuss some of its beliefs, behaviors, and norms. Because religion can be central to many peoples concept of themselves, sometimes there is an in-group versus out-group feeling toward other religions in our society or within a particular practice. amanda is a very old woman, and knows that she is very near the end of her life. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge. How do people decide which religion to follow, if any? Finally, religion promotes social control: It reinforces social norms such as appropriate styles of dress, following the law, and regulating sexual behavior. These views offer different lenses through which to study and understand society: functionalism, symbolic interactionism, conflict theoryand feminist theory. Religion is seen as a means for the ruling class to maintain control over the working class, by promoting a false consciousness that distracts people from their material conditions and encourages them to accept their lot in life. A rock, for example, isnt sacred or profane as it exists. . This perspective views religion as a stabilizing force in society, providing a shared system of beliefs and values that can be used to provide some form of social order. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. Weber thought the emphasis on community in Catholicism versus the emphasis on individual achievement in Protestantism made a difference. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo Conflict theorists also point out that those in power in a religion are often able to dictate practices, rituals, and beliefs through their interpretation of religious texts or via proclaimed direct communication from the divine. In fact, scholars have found little merit to his contention when applied to modern society (Greeley 1989). Weber noted that certain kinds of Protestantism supported the pursuit of material gain by motivating believers to work hard, be successful, and not spend their profits on frivolous things. Whereas Durkheim saw religion as a source of social stability, German sociologist and political economist Max Weber (18641920) believed it was a precipitator of social change. Chapter 15: Religion Flashcards | Quizlet To know more about social cohesion., click here: This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Post any question and get expert help quickly. WebConflict theory. The Star of David in Judaism, the cross in Christianity, and the crescent and star in Islam are examples of sacred symbols. Both share many of the same stories in their central religious texts. WebWhich socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society? Ellway, P. 2005. Functionalism is a sociological Discuss how these meet social needs. The practice of religion can include feasts and festivals, intercession with God or gods, marriage and funeral services, music and art, meditation or initiation, sacrifice or service, and other aspects of culture. Which socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society? WebAdvertisement AakanshaC The functionalist perspective emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly. From the Latin religio (respect for what is sacred) and religare (to bind, in the sense of an obligation), the term religion describes various systems of belief and practice that define what people consider to be sacred or spiritual (Fasching and deChant 2001; Durkheim 1915). then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. Marx considered religion inseparable from the economy and the worker. Which of the following do the functionalist and conflict perspectives share? Because religion can be central to many peoples concept of themselves, sometimes there is an in-group versus out-group feeling toward other religions in our society or within a particular practice. a. Functional perspective. For example, it helps answer questions like, How was the world created? Why do we suffer? Is there a plan for our lives? and Is there an afterlife? As another function, religion provides emotional comfort in times of crisis. Religions have a complex and integrated set of norms. In what ways does religion serve the role of a social institution? To interactionists, beliefs and experiences are not sacred unless individuals in a society regard them as sacred. The main difference between an ecclesia and a denomination is: Some controversial groups that may be mislabeled as cults include: In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced? Rewards are the intangible benefits in terms of belief and satisfactory explanations about life, death, and the supernatural, as well as social rewards from membership. By applying the methods of natural science to the study of society, Durkheim held that the source of religion and morality is the collective mind-set of society and that the cohesive bonds of social order result from common values in a society. Interactionists are interested in what these symbols communicate. Consider a religion that you are familiar with, and discuss some of its beliefs, behaviors, and norms. To him, sacred meant extraordinarysomething that inspired wonder and that seemed connected to the concept of the divine. Durkheim argued that religion happens in society when there is a separation between the profane (ordinary life) and the sacred (1915). Despite differences, there are common elements in a ceremony marking a persons death, such as announcement of the death, care of the deceased, disposition, and ceremony or ritual. He examined the effects of religion on economic activities and noticed that heavily Protestant societiessuch as those in the Netherlands, England, Scotland, and Germanywere the most highly developed capitalist societies and that their most successful business leaders were Protestant. This question led Durkheim to posit that religion is not just a social creation but something that represents the power of society: When people celebrate sacred things, they celebrate the power of their society. Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly? The information age has increased the rapid pace of production expected in many jobs. This perspective views religion as a stabilizing force in society, providing a shared system of beliefs and values that can be used to provide some form of social order. lately she has spent quite a bit of time reflecting on her life, thin Soc 1502 Unit 6 Quiz - Introduction to socociology - Studocu Increased trust.C. perspective most emphasizes the ways in addresses all aspects of a groups behavior, may or may not be of value in meeting social needs, Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms, Emphasis on religion as providing social support, Belief that religion helps explain the mysteries of life, has generally grown so large that it needs new buildings and multiple leaders, often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals, the number of followers or believers is much larger for denominations, the geographical location varies for ecclesia versus denominations, ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion, there are no important differences; the terms are interchangeable, the Branch Davidians and the Manson Family, oral traditions only because Judaism has no sacred text. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism and Other Writings, translated by Peter R. Baehr and Gordon C. Wells. How do people decide which religion to follow, if any? Which socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society? Many religions, including the Catholic faith, have long prohibited women from becoming spiritual leaders. Comparative Religious Ethics: A Narrative Approach. This allows the ruling class to maintain their power and privileges, while convincing the working class that their social and economic status is the result of individual failings, rather than systemic inequalities. Religions often meet several basic needs. Decreased creativity. RCT proposes that, in a pluralistic society with many religious options, religious organizations will compete for members, and people will choose between different churches or denominations in much the same way they select other consumer goods, balancing costs and rewards in a rational manner. Employees also seek autonomy and fulfillment in their jobs, not just wages. inequalities within a society? You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, which socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society. Religions have a complex and integrated set of norms. Functional perspective; Symbolic interactionist perspective; 2. Higher levels of education have become necessary, as well as people management skills and access to the most recent information on any given topic. The interaction between religious leaders and practitioners, the role of religion in the ordinary components of everyday life, and the ways people express religious values in social interactionsall might be topics of study to an interactionist. Critics of RCT argue that it doesnt fit well with human spiritual needs, and many sociologists disagree that the costs and rewards of religion can even be meaningfully measured or that individuals use a rational balancing process regarding religious affiliation. Social theorist mile Durkheim defined religion as a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things (1915). are licensed under a, High, Low, Pop, Sub, Counter-culture and Cultural Change, Theoretical Perspectives on Deviance and Crime, Global Implications of Media and Technology, Theoretical Perspectives on Media and Technology, Social Stratification in the United States, Social Stratification and Mobility in the United States, Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Global Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity, Theoretical Perspectives on Government and Power, Theoretical Perspectives on Health and Medicine, Population, Urbanization, and the Environment, Introduction to Social Movements and Social Change, https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/15-section-quiz, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Symbolic interactionist perspective Religion, in fact, depends on society for its existence, value, and significance, and vice versa. Correct option is (b) Because it studies the way through wh. Chapter 15 Flashcards | Quizlet Explain how its beliefs, behaviors, and norms are like/unlike the other religion. How does one pick a church or decide which denomination fits best? The work ethic in the information age has been affected by tremendous cultural and social change, just as workers in the mid- to late nineteenth century were influenced by the wake of the Industrial Revolution. a. Functional b. The interaction between religious leaders and practitioners, the role of religion in the ordinary components of everyday life, and the ways people express religious values in social interactionsall might be topics of study to an interactionist. By this reasoning, even if traditional religion disappeared, society wouldnt necessarily dissolve. Rational choice theory (RCT) is one way social scientists have attempted to explain these behaviors. 1) religions often meet several basic needs 2) religious practices { "15.01:__Introduction" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.
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