His contributions to the foundations of social education, includ- ing an emphasis on the study of controversial issues and social problems, and an interdisciplinary program have been well documented.2 According to one social educator, many of Rugg' s ideas 44 . It is still a highly instructive case study. Each quarterly issue contains articles selected for publication by the editor based on recommendations from an international panel of reviewers. Critical race theory education: How past curriculum panics foreshadowed Rugg applied his training to reassessing how curriculum was created. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Rather than providing an official version of national history, this series of educational pamphlets focused on social problems in the United States and encouraged students to explore potential solutions. . He died in 1960 at Woodstock, New York, his home since his marriage in 1947 to his third wife, Elizabeth May Howe Page. The California far-right publication American Nationalist was typical when it warned against racially egalitarian ideas polluting white childrens minds. New York: Doubleday, Doran. Teacher, engineer, historian, educational theorist, and student of psychology and sociology, Harold Rugg (1886-1960) was one of the most versatile educators associated with the progressive education movement. The field of education was still in its formative stages when Rugg began his career, and he proceeded to have a major impact in a number of areas. All contents https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/rugg-harold-1886-1960, NELSON, MURRY "Rugg, Harold (18861960) A demonstrator in Charleston, West Virginia, on Dec. 3, 1974. PDF DOCUMENT RESUME - ed PDF HAROLD O. RUGG AND THE FOUNDATION OF SOCIAL STUDIES - ed He then taught engineering at James Millikin University for two years before enrolling in a doctoral program in education at the University of Illinois. Harold Rugg, in full Harold Ordway Rugg, (born January 17, 1886, Fitchburg, Massachusetts, U.S.died May 17, 1960, Woodstock, New York), American educator who created an influential social studies textbook series, Man and His Changing Society, in the 1920s and whose wide-ranging writings addressed measurement and statistics in education and teac. Perhaps even worse, as historian Charles Dorn has found, other textbook writers censored themselves in order to avoid Ruggs fate. For weeks at the start of the 197475 school year, outraged parents boycotted the schools and their dirty books. Protesters shot and vandalized school buses. "Harold Rugg Elsewhere, school boards did more than just pull the books from their shelves. Hollis Caswell (1901-1989) He believes that subject matter is developed around the interest of the learners and their social functions. Proponents of social reconstruction included Harold Rugg and George Counts, although the "movement" was rich with supporters. . The University of Texas at Austin ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1989. Rugg was born on January 17, 1886, in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. Teachers College professor Harold Rugg, brother of NCSS founder Earle Rugg, was a prominent advocate of progressive social studies education that focused on the needs of individual students and society (Nelson, 1975, p. 60, 62). We work with a variety of scholar editors and sponsoring educational organizations with the intent of sharing with the field the most recent, most provocative, and most progressive thinking in education. NEXT ARTICLE. > [CDATA[ As Rugg's career progressed he became as much a critic and discussant of contemporary American culture as an educator. Encyclopedia of World Biography. He produced the first-ever series of school textbooks from 1929 until the early 1940s. Following his retirement in 1951, Rugg continued his study of creativity for the remaining nine years of his life. The experience Rugg gained at Chicago led in turn to a post with Edward L. Thorndike's U.S. Army Committee on the Classification of Harold Ordway Rugg, son of Edward and Merion Abbie (Davidson) Rugg, was born in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, on January 17, 1886. Harold Rugg - Wikipedia Carbone also analyzes Rugg's theory of knowledge and views on creativity in The Journal of Creative Behavior (Spring 1969) and the History of Education Quarterly (Fall 1971). Ellwood Patterson Cubberley (1868-1941), an early 20th-century educator and university dean, wrote influential textbooks, James Earl Russell 1941. Previous. 1998. He then went to Teachers College at Columbia University, where he taught until his retirement in 1951. She did not want to be accused of warping young minds about sex. Caddo Gap Press, founded in 1989, specializes in publication of peer-reviewed scholarly journals in the fields of multicultural education, teacher education, and the social foundations of education. Caddo Gap Press has also published over 50 books during the past two decades, and continues to welcome book ideas that fit our "Progressive Education Publications" focus. YEAGER, ELIZABETH ANNE. (Anti-CRT activists lump together everything they dont like, from Marxism to Black Lives Matter to progressive education, and call it CRT.) Teachers stopped teaching books such as 1984 and Brave New World, on the off chance that someone might find them too controversial. "Rugg, Harold, American Life and the School Curriculum: Next - STARS Todays backlash against the alleged teaching of critical race theory in Americas schools, like these earlier flare-ups over humanities curricula, holds the same potential to curb honest reckonings with the American past and present. This leading international journal brings together influential academics and researchers from a variety of disciplines around the world to provide expert commentary and lively debate. The Foundations of Curriculum-Making: Twenty-Sixth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education. Their lead author, Harold Rugg, an engineer turned professor of pedagogy whose intellectual roots lay in the Progressive education movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, took pains to categorically deny his participation in any communist or socialist movement. RUGG, HAROLD, ed. These groups were among many right-wing organizations that campaigned to purify American history textbooks of supposedly subversive ideas. But they also campaigned against curricula that would, in their view, upend white privilege and pride. The Rugg Brothers in Social Education - JSTOR The journal is published electronically, with each issue posted to the journal's website and files mailed on disk to library and individual subscribers. The pamphlets sold more than 750,000 copies and were converted into a textbook series published in 1929. explained in detail his social studies contributions (Carobone, 1971, 1977; Evan, . During World War I he worked first with Charles Judd at the University of Chicago and then with Edward Thorndike on the widespread use of standardized tests among soldiers in the U.S. Army. The Foundations of Curriculum-Making: Twenty-Sixth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education. The purpose of this paper is to consider the continued saliency of the ideas of Harold O. Rugg, particularly for social studies education. Harold Rugg emerged in the 1920s as a progressive educational theorist, teacher, and textbook writer. degree in 1908 and a graduate degree in civil engineering in 1909. In 1928 Rugg cowrote his first major work, The Child-Centered School, which described the historical and contemporary basis for "child-centered" education. One of its pamphlets, which featured a photograph of a young white girl dancing with a Black classmate in Chicago, countered arguments, common among midcentury liberals, that childrens supposedly natural lack of hierarchical consciousness around race meant that teachers and curricula had the power to intervene to encourage a new way of thinking in the next generation. Curriculum Inquiry 8:119132. Harold Rugg. The first section discusses the philosophy of social reconstruction maintaining that teachers and students should be in the forefront of social change. All Rights Reserved As he told the press in 1940, its the kind of book I want my children to have. Hollis Leland Casewell's contributions to the development of the Group, a Graham Holdings Company. Despite criticism, he was not easily intimidated and remained confident and hard driving in his work. Even if conservative complaints were rote, their activism was literally explosive. Rugg, Harold, ed. Curriculum Inquiry and its Licensors Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. 1969 American Educational Research Association Werrett Wallace Charters - JSTOR With Louise Krueger, Rugg also developed an elementary education (grades one through eight) social studies textbook series in 1939. They were tiredas Moore saidof being called racist merely for insist[ing] on the traditional teaching of English. When it came to conservative outrage, the actual content of the books did not matter. But Harold Rugg was not one to commit curriculum theory in cold blood. . American educator, college president, and philosopher of education William H. Kilpatrick (1871-1965) was, William Chandler Bagley In this case, protesters had circulated flyers at the picket lines, warning that the books were sexually graphic. Nelson, Murry R. 1978. A page from the American Nationalist pamphlet. Over the course of the next fifteen years Rugg and Ginn and Company would sell over 5 million textbooks, and the pattern of creating textbook series became a model in publishing still used in the early twenty-first century. Upon leaving Dartmouth, Rugg worked briefly for the Missouri Pacific Railroad and then taught civil engineering for about a year at James Millikin University in Decatur, Illinois. Franklin Parker describes the Rugg textbook controversy in the Midwest Quarterly (Autumn 1961), and Sanford W. Reitman discusses Rugg's reconstructionism in Educational Theory (Winter 1962). RUGG, HAROLD. Theory and Research in Social Education 5 (3):6483. Despite criticism, he was not easily intimidated and remained confident and hard driving in his work. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. He left Chicago in January of 1920 to accept an appointment at Teachers College, Columbia University, and remained a member of the Teachers College faculty for some 30 years. Rugg published Culture and Education in America in 1931, The Great Technology in 1933, and American Life and the School Curriculum in 1936. Rugg was convinced that in addition to the social engineering endorsed by other reconstructionists, the good society required personal integrity on a large scale and, further, that integrity could be nurtured through creative self-expression. Updates? William Chandler Bagley (1874-1946) was an educator and theorist of educational "essentialism." Two of Rugg's textbooks are analyzed in section III. Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harold_Rugg&oldid=1134609193, Fellows of the American Statistical Association, Articles needing additional references from May 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, 1915 - Ph.D. in education from University of Illinois, 1909-1910 - Missouri Pacific Railroad Civil Engineer, 1910-1911 - James Millikin University Professor, 1915-1920 - University of Chicago Professor, 1920-1951 - Columbia University - Professor, This page was last edited on 19 January 2023, at 14:57. Rugg was born in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, the son of a carpenter. [1], In addition to emphasizing the social engineering philosophies of the reconstructionists, Rugg argued that individual integrity was vital to a good society and could be fostered by creative self-expression. While he was teaching at Columbia, Rugg became a spokesperson for the reconstructionist perspective, which viewed formal education as an agent of social change. Due to his concern with creativity, Rugg's reconstructionism differed somewhat from that of his colleagues. Rugg worked as a civil engineer before becoming a professor at Millikin University in Decatur, Illinois, where he became interested in how students learn. He was a large man with a commanding presence. Encyclopedia of Education. 5. From this perspective, CRT is any dangerous drop of doubt that will contaminate comforting white fantasies about Americas past, present, and future. Their fury, once again, was only loosely connected to reality. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. 1941. Rugg worked briefly as a civil engineer, then taught civil engineering at Milliken University in Decatur, Illinois, where he grew interested in how students learn. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions Man and His Changing Society: The Textbooks of Harold Rugg The life and program of the American school. If youve read anything that the radicals have been putting out in the last few years, that was what was in the textbooks..
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